Togo will hold its inaugural Senate elections on February 2, marking a key milestone in implementing its contentious constitutional overhaul. Critics argue the reforms are a calculated move to extend President Faure Gnassingbé’s 18-year grip on power.
The new system, which replaces direct presidential elections with a parliamentary framework, has sparked outrage from opposition groups and civil society. The revised constitution designates the president as a largely ceremonial figure chosen by parliament for a four-year term. However, the role of president of the council of ministers—an unelected position—will allow Gnassingbé, 57, to maintain effective control as long as his Union for the Republic (UNIR) party retains its dominance in the legislature.
‘This reform is not about democracy; it’s a calculated ploy to perpetuate a dynasty,’ an opposition spokesperson said.
Gnassingbé, who succeeded his father in 2005, has won four presidential elections, all criticised by opposition parties as flawed. Under the prior constitution, his eligibility to run would have ended in 2025.
Senate composition and role
The upcoming elections will see two-thirds of senators chosen by regional and municipal councillors, while the remaining third will be appointed by the president. The Senate, tasked with reviewing legislation before it reaches the National Assembly, has long been part of Togo’s political vision but remained unreleased until now.
The government argues the new system ensures greater representation and ushers in the ‘Fifth Republic.’ Campaigning for Senate seats will run from January 17 to 31.
Protests stifled
Attempts by opposition groups to challenge the reforms have been stymied, with political rallies banned since 2022. Despite widespread criticism, the UNIR party remains firmly in control, holding 108 of the 113 seats in parliament following the April elections.
As Togo prepares for this new chapter, critics warn that the reforms may deepen political tensions in the West African nation of 8.8 million. Whether the Senate elections will pave the way for inclusive governance or cement one-party dominance remains to be seen.
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